Battery Storage Systems, also known as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), are technological solutions that allow energy, particularly from renewable sources like solar and wind, to be stored and discharged based on demand. These systems play a pivotal role in ensuring a reliable and steady power supply (National Grid), especially during periods of high energy demand or when renewable energy production fluctuates. Lithium-ion batteries currently dominate the market for large-scale storage systems due to their efficiency and scalability. Other emerging technologies include thermal energy storage, which captures heat for later use, and mechanical energy storage, such as pumped hydroelectric systems. These innovations are integral to the continued expansion of renewable energy infrastructure (World Economic Forum) and the transition to a low-carbon energy system.